Izindleko zikagesi ezikhuphukayo, ukungazinzi okwandayo kwenethiwekhi, kanye nokucinywa kukagesi okwenzeka njalo ezindaweni ezithile sekubangele abanikazi bezindlu namabhizinisi ukuthi bacabangele kabusha indlela abathola futhi abaphatha ngayo amandla. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ezindlini kuvela njengesixazululo esisebenzayo kulezi zinkinga ngokunika amandla imindeni ukuthi igcine amandla akhiqizwa ilanga eliphahleni noma athengwe enethelini ngesikhathi samahora angabizi kakhulu. Uhlelo lwebhethri lwamandla elisekhaya lesimanje lungashintsha imikhuba yokusebenzisa, lunikeze amandla okubuyisela lapho kudingeka, futhi lunciphise ukuncika ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo zamandla omphakathi. Ngaphandle kokonga izindleko ezisheshayo, abanikazi bezindlu bayazuza ekuzimeleni kwamandla kanye nokuthula kwengqondo okuhambisana nohlelo oluqinile lokugcina amandla ezindlini. Lolu shintsho alusona esobuchwepheshe kuphela kodwa futhi nesokuziphatha: njengoba imindeni yamukela imikhuba eqaphela amandla esekelwa izinhlelo zebhethri ezihlakaniphile, umphumela wokuhlanganiswa ubuyizikweletu ezincane, ukukhishwa okuncane, kanye nokukhula kokumelana nezimo ezindlini.

Uhlelo lokugcina amandla ezindlini (ESS) ubuchwepheshe obuklanyelwe ukuthatha amandla kagesi ukuze kusetshenziswe kamuva, ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ibhethri, izinto zikagesi, kanye nesofthiwe yokuphatha. Lezi zinhlelo zigcina ugesi okhiqizwa yilanga phakathi nosuku ekuhleleni ukugcina amandla elanga ekhaya noma zithenge futhi zigcine ugesi ongabizi kakhulu wenethiwekhi ngezikhathi zokufunwa okuphansi ukuze kusetshenziswe kamuva. Amayunithi e-Residential ESS angaba yimodyuli futhi angandiswa, avumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi bandise amandla noma bangeze amamoduli amandla njengoba izidingo zishintsha. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinto zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile kanye nezinkundla zokuphatha amandla kuvumela izimiso zokushaja nokukhipha ezilungiselelwe ngokusekelwe ekuhlala, amanani ashintshashintshayo, kanye nesimo sezulu esibikezelwe, kudala umuzwa wamandla ongaphazamiseki. Eqinisweni, uhlelo oluthembekile lwebhethri lasekhaya lusebenza njengesibhakabhaka esibuyisela amandla, sivikela imithwalo ebalulekile phakathi nokuphazamiseka, futhi sisekela izinsizakalo zenethiwekhi lapho zihlanganiswa.

Inhliziyo yanoma yisiphi isistimu sokugcina amandla asekhaya ibhithi lebhethri, elinquma umthamo ongasetshenziswa, impilo yomjikelezo, nezici zokuphepha. Uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (BMS) luqapha amavoltage eseli, izinga lokushisa, nesimo sokushaja ukuze kunwetshwe impilo futhi kuvinjelwe izimo ezingaphephile. I-inverter/ishaja iguqula amandla ebhethri le-DC abe yi-AC emithwalweni yasendlini futhi iphathe ukuxhumana kwenethiwekhi, iphathe imisebenzi efana nokuhlukaniswa, ukusebenza okuxhunywe kunethiwekhi, nokudluliswa okusheshayo phakathi nokucima kukagesi. Izinto ezingeziwe zihlanganisa amaphaneli okusabalalisa amandla, izindawo zokuqapha uhlelo, ukuphathwa kwe-thermal (ukupholisa/ukufudumala), kanye nezingxenye zokukhweza noma zokufaka ukuze kufakwe ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle. Izixazululo ezithuthukisiwe ze-ESS ziphinde zifake izimojuli zokuxhumana ukuze kuthuthukiswe kude, ukwenza kahle kwesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, nokuhlanganiswa nezinkundla zokuzenzakalela zasendlini ukuze kuhlelwe i-HVAC, ukushaja kwe-EV, neminye imithwalo elawulekayo ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.

I-RESIDENTIAL ESS ilandela umjikelezo olula wokushaja, ukugcina, nokukhipha amandla, kodwa ubuhlakani bokusebenza ngemuva kwesigaba ngasinye bubonisa inani langempela. Ngesikhathi sokushaja, uhlelo luqala ukukhiqiza ilanga endaweni, ludlulisa ukukhiqizwa okweqile ebhethri esikhundleni sokukuthumela kugridi; lapho ilanga linganele, uhlelo lungashaja kugridi ngezikhathi ezingekho isidingo esikhulu. Esigabeni sokugcina, i-BMS iphathe ukulinganisa kwamangqamuzana nokuqapha isimo sempilo ukuze kwandiswe impilo namandla asetshenziswayo. Ngesikhathi sokukhipha amandla, i-inverter ihlinzeka ngamandla e-AC emisebeni yasekhaya, igxile emithwalweni ebalulekile noma ukuhlinzekwa kwendlu yonke kuye ngokucushwa. Izinhlelo ezithuthukisiwe zisebenzisa izibalo zokubikezela ezibheka izibikezeli zezulu, ukusetshenziswa komlando, nezimpawu zamanani ukuze kuhlelwe ukushaja nokukhipha amandla ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe imali eyongwayo futhi kuqinisekiswe ukulungela kokusekelayo. Ekuqashweni okuhlanganisiwe, amabhethri asekhaya angabamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni ezibonakalayo ukuze ahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zegridi ngenkathi kusagcinwa izinto ezibalulekile zabanikazi bezindlu.

Esinye sezinzuzo eziyinhloko zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezindlini ukuba kube amandla okungaxhumi lapho kukhona ukuphazamiseka, ukugcina izibani, isiqandisi, nezokuxhumana lapho igridi yehluleka. Esinye isinzuzo ukunciphisa izikweletu zikagesi ngokusebenzisa ukushintsha kwesikhathi sokusebenzisa: ukushaja lapho amanani ephansi bese ukukhipha phakathi nezikhathi ezibizayo. Abanikazi bezindlu futhi bathola izinga lokuzimela kwamandla ngokuthembela kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwabo ilanga namalondolozo agciniwe, kunciphisa ukuchayeka kumazinga aphezulu ezinsizakalo. Ngokwemvelo, ukwamukelwa okubanzi kwezinhlelo zebhethri zelanga zasekhaya kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ezivuthayo futhi kunciphisa umthelela wekhabhoni emakhaya. Ekugcineni, uhlelo oluklanywe kahle lokugcina amandla ekhaya lungakhuphula inani lempahla, ludonse abathengi abafuna izindlu eziqinile, ezihlakaniphile zamandla, futhi lungafaneleka izikhuthazo noma izimali ezihle ezithuthukisa umnotho wephrojekthi.

Izinketho zamakhemistri ebhethri yasekhaya zithinta izindleko, ukuphepha, impilo ende, nokusebenza. Amabhethri e-lithium-ion avamile ukugcinwa kwamandla asekhaya ngenxa yokuqinisa kwawo okuphezulu kwamandla, ukusebenza kahle, kanye namanani anciphisayo. Phakathi kwe-lithium-ion, i-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) isithole ukuduma ukugcinwa kwamandla asekhaya ngenxa yokuzinza okuthuthukisiwe kwe-thermal, impilo ende yomjikelezo, kanye nekhemistri ephephile uma iqhathaniswa namafomula e-lithium amadala. Amabhethri e-lead-acid ahlala eyinketho engabizi kakhulu ezifakweni ezinemali elinganiselwe kodwa ahlupheka ngokujula okuphansi kokukhipha, impilo emfushane, kanye nezidingo zokugcinwa okubenza bangabi namandla ezinhlelweni zamabhethri elanga zasekhaya zesimanje. Amakhemistri asafufusa kanye namaphroto-type e-solid-state athembisa ukuthuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo ekuminyeni kwamandla nasekuphepheni, kodwa ukukhetha okuphambili emakethe namuhla ngokulinganisa izindleko, ukusebenza, nokuphila isikhathi eside ngokuvamile yi-LiFePO4 ezinhlelweni ze-ESS zasekhaya. Ukukhetha ikhemistri efanele kudinga ukucubungula izindleko zokuqala, ukudluliswa kwamandla esikhathini sokuphila, kanye nephrofayela yokuphepha ngokumelene nezinjongo ezithile zasekhaya.

Ukukhetha isixazululo esifanele sokugcina amandla ezindlini kuqala ngokuhlola amaphethini okusetshenziswa kwamandla ezindlini zakho nemithwalo ebalulekile ukuze unqume umthamo webhethri odingekayo namandla aqhubekayo/aphezulu. Buyekeza izikweletu zikagesi ezedlule ukuze ubale ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nsuku zonke nge-kWh futhi uhlonze amafasitela esikhathi samandla aphezulu adala izindleko eziphakeme. Nquma ukuthi ngabe into ebaluleke kakhulu ukwesekwa kwendlu yonke, ukwesekwa okuyingxenye kwemijikelezo ebalulekile, ukunciphisa izikweletu, noma ukwandisa ukuzisebenzisa kwamandla elanga. Imininingwane eyinhloko okufanele uyihlole ihlanganisa umthamo ongase usetshenziswe (kWh), amandla okuphuma aqhubekayo naphezulu (kW), ukusebenza kahle komjikelezo ogcwele, impilo yomjikelezo, imigomo yewaranti, kanye nokuhambisana nama-inverter akhona noma izinhlelo zelanga ezihleliwe. Cabanga ngezici zokusebenza ezifana nekhono lokusebenza ngaphandle kwenethi, isikhathi sokuqhela, ukuphathwa kwamandla okuhlanganisiwe, nokuthi uhlelo lusekela ukwanda esikhathini esizayo. Ukubandakanya umfaki ofanelekayo noma umeluleki wamandla, kanye nokuqhathanisa amashidi emininingwane yomkhiqizo evela kubakhiqizi abahlonishwayo, kuzoqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokugcina amandla ekhaya olukhethiwe luhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe nezinjongo zezezimali.

Ukuze kufakwe ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlola indawo ukuze kunqunywe indawo efanelekayo yendawo yokugcina ibhethri, i-inverter, nokuhlanganiswa kukagesi ukuze kuncishiswe imizila yekhebula futhi kuhambisane namakhodi kagetsi endawo. Osebenza kukagesi onelayisensi noma abafaki abaqinisekisiwe benza ukuxhuma kukuv panel yenkonzo enkulu, bafake izinto zokuphepha ezidingekayo (njengezishintshi zokuhlukanisa nokuvikela ukwanda), futhi benze izivivinyo zokuqalisa ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza nokuphepha kokuzihlukanisa. Ukugcinwa okuyisisekelo kwezinhlelo zesimanje zokugcina amandla asekhaya ezisekelwe ku-lithium akuncane kodwa kufaka izibuyekezo zesofthiwe ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kokuqina kwendawo yokugcina, nokuqapha impilo yohlelo ngama-portal noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zomthengisi. Izinto zokuphepha zifaka ukuthobela izidingo zokungenisa umoya, ukuhambisana okufanele namakhodi omlilo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi i-BMS nezindawo zokugcina azithintwa. Ukubuyekeza njalo izingodo zesistimu nemibandela yewaranti kusiza abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi bathole ukwehla kusenesikhathi futhi bahlele insizakalo ngaphansi kweziteshi zokusekelwa zomkhiqizi.

Ukuhlola inani kudinga ukuhlaziywa kwezezimali okuqhathanisa izindleko zesistimu sezizonke nezinzuzo ezilindelekile esikhathini sokuphila, okuhlanganisa ukonga ezikweletini zamandla, ukuncishiswa kwezindleko zokufunwa (lapho kusebenza khona), izikhuthazo, kanye nezindleko zokukhubazeka ezigwenyiwe. Izinto ezithuthukisa ukubuyiselwa zihlanganisa amanani aphezulu kagesi, izinqubomgomo ezivumayo ze-net metering noma ze-self-consumption, ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwe-solar, kanye nekhono lokubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zezikhuthazo zendawo noma izinhlelo ze-virtual power plant. Ezindlini eziningi, inani elingelona elokwezimali lamandla athembekile okungaxhasi, ukumelana nempahla okwandisiwe, kanye nokuncishiswa kokukhishwa kunomthelela omkhulu esinqumweni ngisho noma izikhathi zokubuyiselwa ezilula zidlula iminyaka embalwa. Ubuchwepheshe nezimo zemakethe ziyaqhubeka nokushintsha ngokushesha, ngakho-ke abathengi abangaba khona kufanele bahlole izimo ezibucayi nezinethemba, bacabange ngezinketho zokuxhasa ngezimali, futhi bafune abafaki bendawo ukuze baqonde ezomnotho ezifundeni ezithile kanye nezaphulelo ezitholakalayo ezingathuthukisa ukubuyiselwa kokutshalwa kwezimali.

Ngokubheka phambili, kulindeleke ukuthi izixazululo zokugcina amandla ezindlini zihlangane nezinsizakalo zamandla edijithali ezifana ne-Virtual Power Plants (VPPs), okuzovumela amabhethri aqoqekile ukuthi ahlinzeke ngokulinganisela kugridi kanye nezinsizakalo ezisizayo ngenkathi kutholwa imali kubanikazi bezindlu ababambe iqhaza. Ukuphathwa kwamandla okushukunyiswa yi-AI kuzoqhubeka nokuphakamisa ukushaja nokukhipha amandla ngesikhathi sangempela, kusetshenziswa ukufunda komshini ukubikezela ukusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla elanga, kanye namanani emakethe ukuze kutholwe ukonga okukhulu. Ukuqhubeka kwamakhemistri amabhethri, isikali sokukhiqiza, kanye nemikhuba yomnotho oyindilinga (kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kabusha kwamabhethri esigaba sesibili kanye nemifudlana yokugaywa kabusha) kuzoqhubeka nokwehlisa izindleko nomthelela emvelweni. Ukuhlanganiswa nokushaja izimoto zikagesi, ama-thermostat ahlakaniphile, kanye ne-ecosystem yokuzenzakalela yasekhaya kuzodala amapulatifomu amandla ahlanganisiwe lapho uhlelo lwebhethri lamandla elanga lasekhaya lusebenza njengesikhungo. Lezi zintuthuko zizokwandisa izimo zokusebenzisa kusuka ekumeleni ngabanye kuya kubabambiqhaza abasebenza kugridi, ziguqule kokubili ezomnotho wamandla emakhaya kanye nokusebenza kwezinsiza.

Ibhethri yasekhaya izohlala isikhathi esingakanani? Impilo yebhethri incike ku-chemistry, izinga lokukhishwa, nenani lemijikelezo; izinhlelo zesimanje ze-LiFePO4 zivame ukunikeza izinkulungwane zemijikelezo okulingana neminyaka engu-10–20 yokuphila okuwusizo ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwasekhaya. Ngingafaka uhlelo lokugcina amandla ngaphandle kwe-solar? Yebo—izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ekhaya zingashaja kusuka kugridi ngesikhathi samahora angabizi kakhulu ukuze kusekelwe ukuhweba ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa noma ukuhlinzeka ngamandla okungajwayelekile ngaphandle kwe-solar array. Yiziphi izici zokuphepha okufanele ngizibheke? Bheka i-BMS eqinile, ukuphathwa kokushisa, izitifiketi ze-UL/IEC, kanye nokuhambisana okubhalwe phansi nokuphepha komlilo nogesi. Ingabe uhlelo lwebhethri luzokwandisa inani lekhaya lami? Ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye nezinhlelo ze-solar ezihlanganisiwe kianela kakhulu abathengi abafuna ukumelana nezimo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza eziphansi, ngokuvamile kuthuthukisa ukuhepha kwempahla. Ngiyigcina kanjani uhlelo lwami? Izibuyekezo ezijwayelekile zesofthiwe, ukuqapha ukuxilongwa kohlelo, kanye nokuhlolwa konyaka okwenziwa ochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kuvame ukwanele ezinhlelweni zesimanje ze-lithium.

Isitoreji samandla emakhaya sihlala ngqo lapho kuxhumana khona ukusimama, ukumelana nezimo, kanye nokuguqulwa kwasekhaya okudijithali. Njengoba izindleko ziqhubeka nokwehla futhi izinsizakalo zamandla ezihlakaniphile zanda, izinhlelo zebhethri ye-solar yasekhaya kanye nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla emakhaya zizodlala indima enkulu endleleni imindeni ezophatha ngayo amandla, inciphise ukukhishwa, futhi ixhumane nenethiwekhi. Ezinkampanini kanye nabangewona abanikazi bezindlu abahlola ubuchwephesheshe, ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe kwezidingo, ukukhethwa ngokucophelela kwamakhemistri ebhethri namandla, kanye nokubambisana nabathengisi abanolwazi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi aletha izinzuzo zezimali nezokusebenza. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Horizon Global Tech Limited nabathengisi abasungulwe emkhakheni wamandla e-lithium zenza lula le ngungu ngokunikeza izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe, ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, nemigqa yomkhiqizo eyenzelwe ukuthunyelwa kwe-ESS yasekhaya. Ukuhlola izinketho zomkhiqizi, imininingwane yomkhiqizo, noma ingemuva lenkampani, vakashela imikhiqizo kanye nezinsiza zenkampani ezifana namakhasi Emikhiqizo, Mayelana Nathi, kanye Nokwesekwa ukuze uqhathanise izici kanye nemibandela yewaranti futhi uqale ingxoxo nabaholi abanolwazi.

Imininingwane eyengeziwe yomkhiqizo nokubuka okunikezwayo kokugcinwa kwamandla, bona ikhasi lemikhiqizo: Imikhiqizo. Funda kabanzi ngomsebenli wenkampani namakhono ekhasini lethu: Mayelana Nathi. Ukuthola ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe, imibuzo evame ukubuzwa, noma imibuzo yewaranti, thintana nekhasimende lokwesekwa: Ukusekelwa. Ukuxhumana nomkhiqizi noma ukucela isilinganiso, sebenzisa ifomu lokuxhumana nathi: Xhumana nathi. Ukuthola uhlolojikelele lwezinhlobo zemikhiqizo nesitolo senkampani, vakashela ikhasi lasekhaya: Ikhaya.