Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezindlini ziguqula indlela izindlu ezisebenzisana ngayo nenethiwekhi kagesi, futhi zibalulekile emasu esimanje okonga izindleko, ukumelana nezimo, nokunciphisa ukungcola. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwamandla asatshalaliswe—ikakhulukazi ilanga eliphahleni—kuba baningi, uhlelo lwebhethri yelanga lasekhaya lunika amandla imindeni ukuthi ibambe ukukhiqizwa sasemini ukuze kusetshenziswe kusihlwa, igweme amanani aphezulu futhi yandise ukuzisebenzisa. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zezimali, ukugcina amandla ngebhethri ezindlini kusekela ukuzimela kwamandla ngokunikeza amandla esipiliyoni phakathi nokuphazamiseka futhi kunciphisa ukuncika ekukhiqizeni okuyinhloko. Ezinkampanini kanye nabangewona abanikazi bezindlu abahlola uhlelo lokugcina amandla ekhaya noma inketho yokugcina amandla elanga ekhaya, ukuqonda izici zokusebenza, izilinganiso zamandla, nokuhlanganiswa kohlelo kubalulekile. Lesi sethulo sichaza ukuthi kungani ukutshala imali ekugcineni amandla ezindlini kubalulekile kokubili ukonga okuseduze namasu amandla esikhathi eside.

Ngokuyisisekelo, ukugcinwa kwamandla ezindlini kubhekisa ezinhlelweni ezisekelwe kumabhethri ezifakwa emakhaya ezilondoloza ugesi ukuze zisetshenziswe kamuva. Uhlelo lokugcina amandla ebhethri ezindlini luhlanganiswa ne-solar PV, igridi, nemithwalo yasendlini ukuze lishintshe ukusetshenziswa, lunikeze isipele, futhi libambe iqhaza kumasevisi egriidi asafufusa. Ukubaluleka kohlelo lokugcina amandla ekhaya kutholakala ekubeni kwalo okwazi ukuxhuma ukungafani phakathi kokuhlinzekwa kwamandla nokufunwa kwawo—ukuthatha ilanga elingeziwe, ukushelela imithwalo eqala ngamandla, nokusekela imijikelezo ebalulekile phakathi nokuvalwa kukagesi. Kubaphathi bezakhiwo zezentengiso namabhizinisi amancane ahlola ukumelana namandla endaweni, izimiso ezifanayo ziyasebenza: ukugcina amandla endaweni kunciphisa ukuba sengozini ekuphazamisekeni kwegridi futhi kunganciphisa izindleko zokufunwa. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi izindleko zehla, kulindeleke ukuthi ukugcinwa kwamandla ezindlini kanye nokufakwa kwezinhlelo zamabhethri elanga ezindlini kukhule, kuqinise indima yazo ekuthuthukisweni kwegridi kanye nemigomo yokusimama.

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezindlini ngokuvamile zihlanganisa amamojuli ebhethri le-lithium-ion, uhlelo lokuguqula amandla (PCS), uhlelo lokuphatha ibhethri (BMS), kanye nesilawuli sokuphatha amandla. Uma zihlanganiswa nelanga ophahleni lwendlu, uhlelo lwebhethri elisebenzisa ilanga lishaja kusuka ekukhiqizeni okweqile kwe-PV emini futhi likhiphe kusihlwa lapho ukukhiqizwa kwelanga kuncipha. Isoftware yokuphatha amandla ihlelisa imijikelezo yokushaja/yokukhipha ukuze iphambanise ukuzisebenzisa, ukushintshanisa izintela, noma ukulungela ukusekelwa ngokusekelwe kuzilungiselelo zomsebenzisi nezimpawu zikagesi. Izinhlelo zesimanje zokugcina amandla ezindlini zingakwazi nokuthumela kugridi lapho kunenzuzo ngokomnotho noma ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokuphendula izidingo ukuze kunikezwe ukwesekwa kugridi. Ukuphathwa kahle kokugeleza kwamandla—ukukhetha ukuthi nini okuzogcinwa, nini okuzosetshenziswa amandla agciniwe, nokuthi nini okuzothunyelwa—kwandisa inani lokufakwa kwamandla elilondolozwe ilanga ekhaya kuzo zonke izinhlelo ezahlukene zikagesi kanye nezakhiwo zezintela.

Izixazululo zebhethri zasendlini zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: ezixhunywe kugridi (on-grid) nezizimele (off-grid) izinhlelo, ngayinye inezinjongo ezihlukile. Uhlelo lokugcina amandla ekhaya oluxhunywe kugridi lusebenza ngokubambisana nokuhlinzekwa kukagesi, luvumela ukungenisa nokuthunyelwa ngaphandle okulawulwayo, luvumela ukusebenzisa kahle isikhathi sokusetshenziswa, futhi lunikeza isipele esingaphazamiseki sezifunda ezibalulekile. Ukugcinwa kwamandla ezindlini ezingaxhunyiwe kugridi kuklanyelwe izindawo ezingenalo ukufinyelela okuthembekile kugridi, kulinganisa amandla ebhethri nokukhiqiza ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nazo zonke izidingo ngokuqhubekayo futhi kulawulwe ukushaja okuvela kumavolumu noma izinjini. Izinhlanganisela ezihlanganisiwe zihlanganisa izici zombili, zinikeza ukusebenzisana kugridi kanye nekhono elithuthukisiwe lokuqhubeka nokusebenza lapho kugridi ingasebenzi ukuze kusekelwe izidingo ezibalulekile. Kubanikazi bezindlu abafuna umuzwa ophelele wezinhlelo zebhethri zelanga zasendlini, izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe ezixhunywe kugridi ngokuvamile zinikeza ibhalansi engcono kakhulu yezindleko, ukusebenza, nokumelana nezimo.

Izinhlelo zokugcina amandla ezindlini zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi ngaphezu kokonga izikweletu okulula: zithuthukisa ukuphepha kwamandla ezindlini, zandisa ukuzimela ezimakethe eziguquguqukayo, futhi zinciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokwenza kahle ukusetshenziswa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ngesikhathi sokucinywa kukagesi, uhlelo lokugcina ibhethri elilungiselelwe kahle lungasekele imijikelezo ebalulekile—ezingashisi, imishini yezokwelapha, imishini yokuxhumana—ligweme ukuphazamiseka nokulahlekelwa okungenzeka. Ezindaweni nasemisebenzini yamandla, izinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe zokugcina amandla elanga ezindlini zingahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zenethiwekhi ezifana nokulawulwa kokuphindaphinda, ukunciphisa isikhathi esiphakeme, nokubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, kuqinise ukwethembeka kwesistimu jikelele. Izinzuzo zemvelo nazo ziyatholakala ngoba uhlelo lwebhethri elanga lasekhaya luvumela ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwamandla avuselelekayo akhiqizwa endaweni, kuthatha indawo yezitshalo zamalahle ezisebenzisa uphethiloli futhi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwemvelo okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa ezindlini.

Uchungechunge lwe-LUNA2000-7/14/21-S1 luyimikhiqizo yokugcina amandla esakhiwo eyenzelwe ukwanda, ukuphepha, nokuhlanganiswa okuhlakaniphile nezinhlelo zokuphatha amandla asekhaya. Lezi zinhlelo ezisekelwe kumamojuli zivumela abanikazi bezindlu ukuthi benze isitoreji samandla ngokwezidingo zasekhaya—bekhetha amamodeli afana no-7 kWh, 14 kWh, noma u-21 kWh—ngesikhathi begcina izici ezingaguquki zamandla okusekela imithwalo ebalulekile. Izici eziyinhloko zihlanganisa i-BMS eqinile yokulinganisa amaseli nokuphatha ukushisa, ukuxhumana okungenamihawu ukuze kuqashwe ukude, nokuhambisana nezishintshi ezijwayelekile nezishintshi zamandla elanga ukuze kwakheke uhlelo oluhlangene lwebhethri lamandla elanga lasekhaya. Lapho isetshenziswa nokuphathwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, umndeni we-LUNA2000 ungakwazi ukwenza kahle ukushaja kusuka elangeni ophahleni, ukuxhumanisa amaphethini okukhipha amandla phakathi namawindi aphezulu entela, nokuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuthembekile lapho kunqamuka ugesi. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Horizon Global Tech Limited ezibambisana noma ezihlinzeka ngalezi zinhlelo zingasekele amakhasimende ngesiqondiso sobunjiniyela, ukwenza ngokwezifiso imikhiqizo, nokunikezwa kwezinsizakalo zokujikeleza kwempilo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okuphezulu.

Ukuqonda izilinganiso zamandla kubalulekile lapho uchaza uhlelo lokugcina amandla ezindlini. Amandla avame ukuchazwa nge-kilowatt-hour (kWh) futhi akhombisa amandla aphelele uhlelo olungawathola ngaphambi kokushajwa kabusha; ngaleso sikhathi, isilinganiso samandla (kW) sichaza umthwalo osheshayo uhlelo olungawusekela. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo lokugcina amandla ezindlini olungu-14 kWh oluhlanganiswe ne-inverter engu-5 kW lungakwazi ukusekela umthwalo obalulekile ongum-3 kW isikhathi esithile, kuye ngokujula kokukhipha namandla. Ukusebenza ngesikhathi samandla omile kuncike ekwakhiweni kohlelo—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lusekela yini ukuzihlukanisa kwendlu yonke noma imijikelezo ebalulekile kuphela—futhi kumandla ebhethri angasetshenziswa uma kuqhathaniswa namandla egama. Lapho uhlola ukugcinwa kwamandla elanga ezindlini, cabanga ngokulahleka kwamandla, amandla okubuyela emuva, imiphumela yezinga lokushisa kumandla, kanye nephrofayili yokwehla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ubeke okulindelekile okungokoqobo ngesikhathi sokusekelwa nasekushintsheni kwansuku zonke.

Ukuphumelela kokufakwa kwesisombululo sokugcina amandla ezindlini kudinga ukuhlelwa ngendlela enengqondo: ukuhlaziywa komthwalo, imodeli yokukhiqiza ilanga, ukuhlola indawo, kanye nokulinganisa kwebhethri. Qala ngokuhlanganisa idatha yomthwalo wasekhaya ukuze uhlonze imijikelezo ebalulekile namaphethini okusetshenziswa ngehora; lokhu kucacisa ukuthi ngabe into ebaluleke kakhulu yisikhathi sokusekelwa, ukunciphisa isiqongo, noma ukuhambisa umthwalo. Hlanganisa izibikezeli zokukhiqiza ilanga namashejuli entela yendawo ukuze ubale icala lezomnotho lesistimu yebhethri yelanga yasekhaya noma ukufakwa okubanzi kakhulu kokugcina amandla ezindlini. Izilungiselelo zokulawula nokuphathwa kwamandla kufanele zilungiswe ukuze zihambisane nezinjongo zomnikazi wekhaya—ukuzisebenzisa kakhulu, ukuthuthukisa ezomnotho, noma ukumelana okuphezulu. Bophela abahlanganisi abanolwazi noma abahlinzeki; izinhlangano ezifana neHorizon Global Tech Limited zinganikeza ukubonisana kwezobuchwepheshe, ukukhethwa komkhiqizo, kanye nokwesekwa ngemuva kokuthengisa ukuze kuhambisane nomklamo wesistimu nezinjongo zokusebenza.

Izindleko zokugcina amandla ezindlini ziyahlukahluka ngokomthamo, amakhemikhali, ukuhambisana kwe-inverter, kanye nobunzima bokufakwa; izintengo ezijwayelekile ezifakiwe ziye zancipha kakhulu kodwa zisamele utshalomali olukhulu. Ukuhlola inzuzo yokutshalwa kwezimali, bala izindleko zikagesi ezingadingeki, ukuncishiswa okungenzeka kwezindleko zokufunwa, izikhuthazo, izikweletu zentela, kanye nenani lamandla okungaxhumi. Izindawo eziningi zinikeza izaphulelo, izikhuthazo ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni, noma izivumelwano zenethiwekhi ezithuthukisa isikhathi sokubuyisa uhlelo lokugcina amandla ezindlini. Ezamabhizinisi, inani elingeziwe lingavela ekubambeni iqhaza ezinhlelweni zenethiwekhi noma ekuqinisekiseni imisebenzi ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokuphazamiseka. Lapho uhlola izinketho, cela ukuhlaziywa kwezindleko zokuba nazo zonke izinto kanye neziphakamiso eziningi; abahlinzeki abanamaphothifoliyo emikhiqizo aqinile kanye nobukhona bendawo—njenge-Horizon Global Tech Limited lapho kufanele khona—bangasiza ekutholeni izikhuthazo ezifanelekayo kanye nokumodela imiphumela yezezimali ngokunembayo.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla ezindlini kuyindlela esebenzayo yokuthola ukuzimela okukhulu kwamandla, ukonga imali, nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi ezindlini nasemabhizinisini amancane. Ngokuhlanganisa uhlelo lwebhethri elishisa ilanga ekhaya noma ukufakwa okuzinikezele kokugcinwa kwamandla ezindlini, abasebenzisi bathola ukuguquguquka ukuze bashintshe isikhathi sokusebenzisa, bavikele amandla okungaxhumi, futhi basekele ukuzinza kwenethi. Ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele—ukulinganisa umthamo, isilinganiso samandla, nezici zokulawula—kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kuhlangabezana nezidingo zansuku zonke nezeziphuthumayo. Njengoba imakethe ivuthwa futhi imikhiqizo eminingi efana ne-LUNA2000-7/14/21-S1 iba lula ukutholakala, abanikazi bezindlu namabhizinisi bangalindela ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe, iziqinisekiso ezingcono, nokubuyiselwa kwezimali okucacile. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-Horizon Global Tech Limited zifaka isandla kuleli shintsho ngokunikeza ubuchwepheshe bemikhiqizo, ukwenza ngokwezifiso, kanye nensizakalo yamakhasimende eyenza lula ukwamukelwa kwezixazululo ezingathenjwa zokugcinwa kwamandla elanga ezindlini.

Intengo incike ibhethri elingakanani (kWh), i-inverter, nobunzima bokufakwa, kanye nemishini eyengeziwe njengama-transfer switch ukuze kube nokusekelwa kwendlu yonke. Izindleko zabasebenzi ezindaweni ezahlukene, izimvume, nezisusa ezikhona endaweni nazo zithonya izindleko zokugcina. Ukuhlola indawo ngokucophelela kunikeza isilinganiso esiqondile kakhulu, futhi abathengisi bavame ukwethula izinketho zokuxhasa ngezimali ukunciphisa izindleko zokuqala. Lapho uqhathanisa izicaphuno, hlola imigomo yewaranti, ukwehla okulindelekile, nokusebenzisana kwesistimu namanye ama-solar arrays akhona. Cabanga ngesevisi yesikhathi eside nokusekelwa njengengxenye yezindleko zokuba nomnikazi ukuze unciphise izindleko ezingalindelekile.

Izidingo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa iphaneli kagesi efanele, indawo yamamojuli ebhethri kanye ne-inverter, ukuthobela amakhodi endawo, futhi ezimweni eziningi i-inverter yelanga ehambisanayo noma i-inverter ye-hybrid ukuze kulawulwe ukuxhumana nenethiwekhi. Izimvume kanye nezimvume zikamasipala zingase zidingeke ukuze kuthunyelwe ngaphandle noma ukuze ubhalisele izinhlelo zokukhuthaza. Izidingo zokuphepha zivame ukudinga ukufakwa okungavimbeli umlilo kanye nezixhumi ezifinyelelekayo. Sebenza nabafaki abanamalayisense abangakwazi ukuphatha izimvume, izicelo zokuxhuma, kanye nokuthunyelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlelo luhlangabezana namazinga omthetho nokuphepha. Abahlinzeki namaqembu ezinsizakalo ezivela ezinkampanini ezifana neHorizon Global Tech Limited bangeluleka ngokuhambisana nezinyathelo zomthetho ukuze kuqhutshwe ukufakwa ngendlela efanele.

Emagameni asetshenziswa ekugcineni amandla, amandla (akaliwe ngama-kilowatt, kW) achaza izinga lapho amandla angadluliswa khona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kanti amandla okugcina (akaliwe ngama-kilowatt-awa, kWh) abonisa inani eliphelele lamandla atholakalayo ukuze asetshenziswe. Uhlelo olunomthamo omkhulu wamandla kodwa olunamandla aphansi lungasebenza imithwalo emincane isikhathi eside kodwa alikwazi ukusekela izinto ezinkulu zasekhaya ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokuphambene, izinhlelo ezinamandla amakhulu zingasekelwa imithwalo esindayo isikhashana kodwa zingase zibe nesikhathi esilinganiselwe uma amandla okugcina ephansi. Ukulinganisa imininingwane yamandla namandla kubalulekile lapho kuklanywa uhlelo lokugcina amabhethri lwasekhaya ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo eziphakeme kanye nezikhathi ezifunwayo zokusekelwa.

Izinhlelo zebhethri zamalithiyamu-ion ezijwayelekile zasendlini zinikeza iziqinisekiso ezisukela eminyakeni emi-5 kuya kwengu-15 futhi ziqinisekisa umthamo othile ongasebenziseka kuleyo nkathi (isibonelo, u-70–80% womthamo wokubhalisa ekupheleni kwesiqinisekiso). Ukwehla kwenzeka ngenxa yokuguga komjikelezo, ukuguga kwekhalenda, ingcindezi yokushisa, kanye namaphethini okukhishwa okujulile. Izinhlelo ezinokuphathwa okusebenzayo kwezishisa futhi izilungiselelo eziqaphile zokukhishwa okujulile zivame ukubonisa ukwehla kancane. Ukuqapha namasu okushaja ahlakaniphile athuthukisa ukuphila isikhathi eside; abafaki kufanele babonise amagrafu okwehla okulindelekile nokukhava kwesiqinisekiso ukuze amakhasimende aqonde ukusebenza kwesikhathi sokuphila. Ukukhetha imikhiqizo edume kahle nezinhlelo zezinsizakalo eziphethwe abahlinzeki abasungulwe kahle kunganciphisa ubungozi besikhathi eside.

Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo, umlando wenkampani, noma ukucela usizo, vakashela ikhasi lasekhaya noma ikhasi lemikhiqizo ukuze uhlole izixazululo ezithile zokugcina amandla. Uma ufuna ukwazi ngomsebenzi wenkampani kanye nobuchwepheshe bayo, bona ikhasi elithi Mayelana Nathi, noma thintana nethimba ngqo ngamakhasi athi Xhumana Nathi noma Usizo ukuze uthole usizo lobuchwepheshe nemibuzo.